Did you know that the first microscope was essentially just two types of lenses stacked on one another? Before the invention of even a barebones microscope in the 16th century, scientists often relied on the power of observation via the naked eye to come to their hypothesis. Bacterial colonies, for example, were identified based on [...]
An automated pH meter is a device that measures a sample from each of the wells in a microplate plate and measures the pH. Most commonly used are 96 well microplates, although other microplates such as 48 and 24 well plates are used. Throughout the entire process, there is no technician involvement, and when the [...]
Stability testing of pharmaceutical products such as medications in pills, creams, liquids, etc., is a critical characteristic of any pharmaceutical agent. Stability not only indicates how long medication is effective when sitting on a shelf but patient safety can also be threatened when some medications break down over time or when exposed to light or [...]
Microplate Washer ELISA For over 100 years, pH has been an invaluable tool for measuring the acidity of solutions. Based on a logarithmic scale from 0 - 14, the pH scale made what was once a difficult calculation, an easy to understand measure of free hydrogen protons (H+) in a solution. This simple scale is [...]
Microplate Washer ELISA Bacterial colonies are an important component of microbiology that remains relevant to this day and probably will always stay that way. These colonies are used for medical research, development of pharmaceuticals, use in the food industry (the safe ones, naturally) and more. Once a bacterial colony is cultivated, the first thing to [...]
ELISA is based on the interaction of antibodies and antigens where the antibodies attach to specific proteins or nucleic acids. With measurable reporter molecules attached to the antibodies, it is possible to measure the amount of protein or nucleic acid present. Serial dilution ELISA is an important part of testing whenever examining an unknown peptide [...]
Initial Problems Developing Automated Liquid Handling Robots The “q” in qPCR stands for quantitative. Over the past 20 years, the tremendous advances made by the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been augmented by the ability to quantify nucleic acid replication with qPCR analysis software in real-time. With qPCR analysis software, everything from [...]
Initial Problems Developing Automated Liquid Handling Robots Whether human, plant, or bacteria, proteins play a vital role in every living cell's structure and function in our universe. Proteins were first discovered in 1838 by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius who recognized the critical importance of these substances for life. Consequently, he chose the name [...]
In modern science and pharmaceutical laboratories, tiny amounts of liquid must be transferred many times to perform everything from genetic testing to drug screens. As science has improved, the amount of liquid needed for accurate testing has been reduced to low microliter and even nanoliter amounts. Trying to transfer these very small quantities fully and [...]
Microplate robots have advanced the availability of automated qPCR and ELISA and many other applications and assays in laboratories that rely on studying genetics, nucleic acids, and antibodies rapidly and accurately in the animal, plant, and microorganism cells.These microplate handling systems can incorporate a wide array of peripheral devices including a 96 well plate dispenser, [...]
